Leaders in Ontario’s far north intensify efforts for a permanent road to the James Bay Coast following the latest-ever opening of winter roads. The proposal, discussed for decades through feasibility studies and consultations, gains urgency as isolation challenges communities.
Proposed Route and Construction Challenges
A 2020 pre-feasibility study outlines a preferred path: a 192-kilometer gravel road north from Fraserdale to Moosonee, followed by a 333-kilometer stretch west to Attawapiskat. Crossing expansive muskeg swamps between Moose Factory and Attawapiskat requires innovative techniques like floating pavement, tested in Ireland and Russia.
Lawrence Martin, director of lands and resources for the Mushkegowuk Council, highlights skepticism from elders. “The elders chuckled and said, ‘You can’t do that. Even over time, that road is going to start to sink.’ There’s doubt about building through muskeg,” Martin stated. He advocates following natural ridges: “We have to find as many ridges as we can and go ridge to ridge.”
The route demands over 100 culverts and up to 70 bridges, driving costs to an estimated $5.1 billion.
Supply Shortages and Community Impacts
Shrinking ice road seasons force greater reliance on summer barges for essentials. Last year, communities prioritized fuel deliveries over housing materials, worsening shortages in places like Kashechewan and Attawapiskat.
“There’s definitely a shortage of housing materials, with high demand in the communities,” Martin noted. “It makes life even harder for people. We lack jobs and industry in First Nations communities.”
During a recent tour of Mushkegowuk communities with Grand Chief Leo Friday, youth voiced frustrations. “We want jobs. We’re tired of isolation, housing problems, and resulting mental health issues,” they emphasized, according to Martin. “The mandate for the grand chief and chiefs is clear: escape this isolation.”
Martin points to opportunities in mining, resource development, and potential hydro dams on rivers like the Moose and Albany.
Economic Benefits and Local Perspectives
Sri Gangadharan, owner of Two Bay Enterprises in Moosonee, struggles to fill positions at his gas station, store, garage, and other businesses. A permanent road would change that and lower living costs, as supplies now arrive by train.
“Freight costs pass to customers. A loaf of bread sells for $2.25 down south but $5 here,” Gangadharan explained. Still, he remains cautious after years of similar discussions.
Next Steps
The Mushkegowuk Council plans community consultations soon, seeking $260,000 contributions from member First Nations. Chiefs from the seven nations will then vote on advancing to detailed design, a process potentially lasting seven years.
“There’s a lot of work still to be done,” Martin affirmed.
