Tel Aviv-based startup Factify emerged from stealth at the moment with a $73 million seed spherical for an formidable, but quixotic mission: to carry digital paperwork past the usual codecs most companies use — .PDF, .docx, collaborative cloud recordsdata like Google Docs — and into the intelligence period.
For Matan Gavish, Factify’s Founder and CEO, this isn't only a software program improve—it’s an inevitability he has been obsessive about for years.
"The PDF was developed after I was in elementary college," Gavish instructed VentureBeat. "The bedrock of the software program ecosystem hasn't actually advanced… somebody has to revamp the digital doc itself."
Gavish, a tenured professor of laptop science and Stanford PhD, admits that his fixation on administrative file codecs is an anomaly for somebody along with his credentials.
"It's a really uncool drawback to be obsessive about," he says. "Given the truth that my educational background is AI and machine studying, my mother needed me to begin an AI firm as a result of it's cool. I'm undecided why I'm obsessed after which possessed by paperwork."
However that obsession has now attracted a sizeable seed spherical led by Valley Capital Companions and backed by AI heavyweights like former Google AI chief John Giannandrea.
The wager is easy the static rigidity of most digital recordsdata has restricted their utility, and a greater, extra clever doc that really shares its edit historical past and possession with customers as supposed, shouldn’t be solely doable — it's a multi-billion-dollar alternative.
The historical past of digital paperwork
To grasp why a seed spherical would balloon to $73 million, you need to perceive the size of the lure companies are in. There are at present an estimated three trillion PDFs in circulation. "Some individuals see the PDF greater than they see their youngsters," Gavish jokes.
The historical past of the digital doc shouldn’t be a linear development the place one format replaces one other. As a substitute, it’s a story of "speciation," the place completely different codecs advanced to fill distinct ecological niches: creation, distribution, and collaboration.
The period of recordsdata: Microsoft Phrase (Nineteen Eighties–Nineteen Nineties)
Digital paperwork started as remoted artifacts. Within the Nineteen Eighties, the "doc" was inextricably linked to the {hardware} that created it. A file created in WordPerfect on a DOS machine was successfully gibberish to a Macintosh person.
Microsoft Phrase, which traces its lineage to the pioneering WYSIWYG editors at Xerox PARC, modified this by leveraging the dominance of the Home windows working system. By the Nineteen Nineties, the binary .doc format grew to become the default container for editable skilled paperwork. Nevertheless, these recordsdata had been structurally advanced "reminiscence dumps" designed for the restricted {hardware} of the time, typically resulting in corruption or privateness leaks the place deleted textual content remained hidden within the file's binary information.
The period of digital 'stone': the PDF (Nineteen Nineties-2006)
The PDF didn’t originate as a instrument for writing; it was a instrument for viewing. In 1991, Adobe co-founder John Warnock penned the "Camelot Challenge" white paper, envisioning a "digital envelope" that might look equivalent on any show or printer.
In contrast to Phrase recordsdata, which had been malleable, PDFs had been designed to be immutable. They used the PostScript imaging mannequin to put characters at exact coordinates, making certain visible constancy. Whereas adoption was initially sluggish, Adobe’s 1994 choice to launch the Acrobat Reader without spending a dime established PDF as the worldwide normal for "digital concrete"—the format of finality used for contracts, authorities varieties, and archives.
The collaborative cloud docs period (2006-present)
In 2006, Google disrupted the mannequin once more by transferring the doc from the arduous drive to the browser. Utilizing "Operational Transformation" algorithms, Google Docs allowed a number of customers to edit the identical stream of textual content concurrently.
This shifted the paradigm from "sending a file" to "sharing a hyperlink." Whereas Google Workspace now claims over 3 billion customers (largely customers and training), it basically modified how we work—turning paperwork into residing, collaborative processes reasonably than static artifacts.
The established order: fragmentation
Regardless of these advances, the enterprise world stays fragmented. We draft in Google Docs (the "Digital Stream"), format in Phrase (the "Digital Clay"), and sign up PDF (the "Digital Stone").
However this fragmentation has a value. "The issue shouldn’t be the doc. It’s all the things round it," the corporate notes. "As soon as a PDF leaves your system, management is gone. Variations drift. Entry is unclear. Nothing is seen."
Turning digital paperwork into clever infrastructure
Factify’s wager is that within the age of AI, this fragmentation is now not simply annoying—it’s a important failure. AI fashions want structured, verifiable information to perform.
When an AI "reads" a PDF, it’s basically guessing, utilizing optical character recognition to scrape textual content from what’s successfully a digital photograph.
"What we're coping with here’s a megalomaniac imaginative and prescient, however it's on the similar time in all probability one thing that’s inevitable," Gavish says.
Factify’s resolution is to deal with paperwork not as static recordsdata, however as clever infrastructure. Within the "Factified" normal, a doc carries its personal mind. It possesses a novel identification, a stay permission system, and an immutable audit log that travels with it.
"We wrote a brand new doc format that supplants the PostScript," Gavish explains. "We created a brand new information layer that helps the doc as a firstclass citizen… and it's all the time obtainable contained in the group and probably exterior."
This distinction—between a File and an API—is the core of the corporate's pitch"
Information are liabilities: They accumulate, get misplaced, and might be stolen. "It goes again to a brick standing," Gavish says. "Information are liabilities, if something, as a result of they only accumulate there, you need to guard them."
APIs are belongings: A Factify doc is an lively object. You may ask it questions: "Who has seen you? When do you expire? Are you essentially the most up-to-date model?"
'Folks don't change', however codecs do
Historical past is plagued by codecs that attempted to interchange the PDF (like Microsoft’s XPS). They failed as a result of they demanded an excessive amount of behavioral change from customers. Gavish is keenly conscious of this lure.
"After I discuss to enterprise software program entrepreneurs, I inform them the 2 legal guidelines to find out about beginning an organization in enterprise software program is that folks don't care, and nobody adjustments," he says.
To skirt this, Factify has constructed deep backwards compatibility. A Factified doc can look precisely like a PDF, full with web page breaks and margins. Customers don't must be taught a brand new interface to get worth; they only want to unravel a selected ache level—like an govt who desires to make sure an funding memo can’t be forwarded.
"All they’ve to inform their workforce is, 'Expensive Chief of Employees, employment agreements and funding memoranda… are going to be Factified. The remainder keep it up,'" Gavish says. "They see instant profit… however then they uncover that they've crossed the Rubicon."
What's subsequent for Factify?
The capital from this spherical might be used to deepen the platform's core engineering—which Gavish describes as a "heavy engineering carry" requiring them to rebuild the doc format, information layer, and software layer from scratch. The corporate can also be establishing a serious operational hub in Pittsburgh to help its U.S. enlargement.
Finally, Factify isn't making an attempt to construct one other collaboration instrument like Google Docs. They’re making an attempt to construct the immutable document of the longer term—the usual for "fact" in a digital world.
"The PDF… grew to become a normal which means I can’t file my taxes utilizing every other format. That is how victory seems like," Gavish says. "We’re making a doc normal that’s not particular for well being care or for insurance coverage, however is simply doc as such."
For the three trillion static recordsdata at present sitting in cloud storage, the writing might lastly be on the wall.
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