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A complete new research has revealed that open-source synthetic intelligence fashions devour considerably extra computing sources than their closed-source rivals when performing equivalent duties, probably undermining their price benefits and reshaping how enterprises consider AI deployment methods.
The analysis, carried out by AI agency Nous Analysis, discovered that open-weight fashions use between 1.5 to 4 instances extra tokens — the fundamental items of AI computation — than closed fashions like these from OpenAI and Anthropic. For easy data questions, the hole widened dramatically, with some open fashions utilizing as much as 10 instances extra tokens.
Measuring Pondering Effectivity in Reasoning Fashions: The Lacking Benchmarkhttps://t.co/b1e1rJx6vZ
We measured token utilization throughout reasoning fashions: open fashions output 1.5-4x extra tokens than closed fashions on equivalent duties, however with large variance relying on process kind (as much as… pic.twitter.com/LY1083won8
— Nous Analysis (@NousResearch) August 14, 2025
“Open weight fashions use 1.5–4× extra tokens than closed ones (as much as 10× for easy data questions), making them generally dearer per question regardless of decrease per‑token prices,” the researchers wrote of their report printed Wednesday.
The findings problem a prevailing assumption within the AI business that open-source fashions provide clear financial benefits over proprietary options. Whereas open-source fashions usually price much less per token to run, the research suggests this benefit may be “simply offset in the event that they require extra tokens to cause a couple of given drawback.”
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The true price of AI: Why ‘cheaper’ fashions could break your finances
The analysis examined 19 totally different AI fashions throughout three classes of duties: fundamental data questions, mathematical issues, and logic puzzles. The group measured “token effectivity” — what number of computational items fashions use relative to the complexity of their options—a metric that has obtained little systematic research regardless of its vital price implications.
“Token effectivity is a important metric for a number of sensible causes,” the researchers famous. “Whereas internet hosting open weight fashions could also be cheaper, this price benefit may very well be simply offset in the event that they require extra tokens to cause a couple of given drawback.”
The inefficiency is especially pronounced for Massive Reasoning Fashions (LRMs), which use prolonged “chains of thought” to unravel advanced issues. These fashions, designed to assume via issues step-by-step, can devour hundreds of tokens pondering easy questions that ought to require minimal computation.
For fundamental data questions like “What’s the capital of Australia?” the research discovered that reasoning fashions spend “lots of of tokens pondering easy data questions” that may very well be answered in a single phrase.
Which AI fashions really ship bang in your buck
The analysis revealed stark variations between mannequin suppliers. OpenAI’s fashions, significantly its o4-mini and newly launched open-source gpt-oss variants, demonstrated distinctive token effectivity, particularly for mathematical issues. The research discovered OpenAI fashions “stand out for excessive token effectivity in math issues,” utilizing as much as thrice fewer tokens than different industrial fashions.
Amongst open-source choices, Nvidia’s llama-3.3-nemotron-super-49b-v1 emerged as “probably the most token environment friendly open weight mannequin throughout all domains,” whereas newer fashions from firms like Magistral confirmed “exceptionally excessive token utilization” as outliers.
The effectivity hole various considerably by process kind. Whereas open fashions used roughly twice as many tokens for mathematical and logic issues, the distinction ballooned for easy data questions the place environment friendly reasoning needs to be pointless.
What enterprise leaders must learn about AI computing prices
The findings have rapid implications for enterprise AI adoption, the place computing prices can scale quickly with utilization. Firms evaluating AI fashions typically give attention to accuracy benchmarks and per-token pricing, however could overlook the entire computational necessities for real-world duties.
“The higher token effectivity of closed weight fashions typically compensates for the upper API pricing of these fashions,” the researchers discovered when analyzing whole inference prices.
The research additionally revealed that closed-source mannequin suppliers look like actively optimizing for effectivity. “Closed weight fashions have been iteratively optimized to make use of fewer tokens to cut back inference price,” whereas open-source fashions have “elevated their token utilization for newer variations, probably reflecting a precedence towards higher reasoning efficiency.”
How researchers cracked the code on AI effectivity measurement
The analysis group confronted distinctive challenges in measuring effectivity throughout totally different mannequin architectures. Many closed-source fashions don’t reveal their uncooked reasoning processes, as a substitute offering compressed summaries of their inner computations to forestall rivals from copying their strategies.
To handle this, researchers used completion tokens — the entire computational items billed for every question — as a proxy for reasoning effort. They found that “most up-to-date closed supply fashions won’t share their uncooked reasoning traces” and as a substitute “use smaller language fashions to transcribe the chain of thought into summaries or compressed representations.”
The research’s methodology included testing with modified variations of well-known issues to attenuate the affect of memorized options, similar to altering variables in mathematical competitors issues from the American Invitational Arithmetic Examination (AIME).
The way forward for AI effectivity: What’s coming subsequent
The researchers counsel that token effectivity ought to develop into a main optimization goal alongside accuracy for future mannequin growth. “A extra densified CoT can even enable for extra environment friendly context utilization and will counter context degradation throughout difficult reasoning duties,” they wrote.
The discharge of OpenAI’s open-source gpt-oss fashions, which exhibit state-of-the-art effectivity with “freely accessible CoT,” might function a reference level for optimizing different open-source fashions.
The whole analysis dataset and analysis code are obtainable on GitHub, permitting different researchers to validate and prolong the findings. Because the AI business races towards extra highly effective reasoning capabilities, this research means that the true competitors will not be about who can construct the neatest AI — however who can construct probably the most environment friendly one.
In any case, in a world the place each token counts, probably the most wasteful fashions could discover themselves priced out of the market, no matter how effectively they will assume.
